Infections
Teeth-related orofacial infections can occur due to dental caries or periodontal infections extending beyond the alveolar bone into the facial spaces and oral cavity. These infections can range from superficial abscesses to deep neck infections, with some potentially leading to life-threatening conditions.
These infections often result from colonization by microorganisms, which can migrate from an infected tooth to the surrounding bone and muscles, leading to swelling, pus accumulation, and other symptoms. A variety of factors contribute to these infections, including long-standing dental decay, gum issues, immunocompromised states, trauma, and poor oral hygiene.
Signs and symptoms of orofacial space infections may include redness, localized swelling, increased temperature, fatigue, tenderness, pain, and fever. The presence of an existing decayed tooth, compromised periodontal health, and poor oral hygiene can contribute to the development of these infections. Left unmanaged, they can spread to adjacent anatomical spaces, causing complications such as restricted mouth opening and airway obstruction.
The management of orofacial space infections typically involves the following steps:
- Remove the cause.
- Establish drainage.
- Institute antibiotic therapy.
- Provide supportive care, including rest and proper nutrition.
Early decompression is crucial to relieve pressure, prevent the spread of infection, and avoid complications. While antibiotics help control infection, the primary management involves draining the swelling to release pressure and wash out infectious content. Local anesthesia is used during the drainage procedure, and in some cases, General anesthesia along with nerve blocks are administered.
At Facios clinic, a thorough approach to managing orofacial space infections is taken, involving preoperative consultation, appropriate antibiotics, patient education, primary management, and administration of antibiotics and analgesics. Drains may be used to decompress the area and facilitate proper healing.Failure to adequately address these infections can lead to life-threatening complications, such as Ludwig’s angina in the lower jaw and cavernous sinus thrombosis in the upper jaw. These conditions require prompt, skilled management by maxillofacial surgeons to ensure the best possible outcomes.
